Rationale

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## Rationale

The basic motivation behind the `circular_buffer` was to create a container which would work seamlessly with STL.

Additionally, the design of the `circular_buffer` was guided by the following principles:

- Maximum efficiency for envisaged applications.
- Suitable for general purpose use.
- The behaviour of the buffer as intuitive as possible.
- Suitable for specialization by means of adaptors. (The `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is such an example of the adaptor.)
- Easy to debug. (See Debug Support for details.)

In order to achieve maximum efficiency, the `circular_buffer` and `circular_buffer_space_optimized` store their elements in a contiguous region of memory, which then enables:

- Use of fixed memory and no implicit or unexpected memory allocation.
- Fast constant-time insertion and removal of elements from the front and back.
- Fast constant-time random access of elements.
- Suitability for real-time and performance critical applications.

Possible applications of the circular buffer include:

- Storage of the most recently received samples, overwriting the oldest as new samples arrive.
- As an underlying container for a bounded buffer (see the Bounded Buffer example, code at circular_buffer_bound_example.cpp).
- A kind of cache storing a specified number of last inserted elements.
- Efficient fixed capacity FIFO (First In, First Out),
- Efficient fixed capacity LIFO (Last In, First Out) queue which removes the oldest (inserted as first) elements when full.